Sakura (cherry blossoms) command our attention when they are in bloom, and with good reason: they are stunning. The delicate flowers look beautiful close up, viewed from afar they blanket the landscape in fluffy pale pink masses of loveliness, and they are gorgeous when they drop from their branches petal by petal and float through the air. But as pretty as they are, it's a shame that sakura hog all the attention, because a whole host of wildflowers come into bloom at the same time. And although none of them may have the magic of cherry blossoms, each is beautiful in its own way.
So the next time you're out admiring the cherry blossoms, don't forget to look down. Here are some of the flowers you might see.
花大根 (ハナダイコン, hana daikon)
Orychophragmus violaceus
No common English name
Also known as 紫花菜 (ムラサキハナナ, murasaki hana-na), 諸葛菜 (ショカッサイ, shokassai) and other names, this is a very common flower throughout Japan, often seen along roads or train tracks. I imagine that the view of the flowers, even as nothing more than a purple blur rushing by, has brightened many a commuter's day.


蛇苺 (ヘビイチゴ, hebi-ichigo)
Duchesnea chrysantha
False strawberry, Indian strawberry, mock strawberry
As
its names imply, hebi-ichigo is a strawberry impersonator, and a very
convincing one. Its yellow flowers (the colour is a tip-off, as true
strawberry flowers have white or pale pink petals) can be seen in the
spring and the summer, with the centres eventually turning into a small
red berry that looks delicious. The fruit is perfectly safe to eat, but there isn't much reason to do so as it is virtually flavourless.

烏野豌豆 (カラスノエンドウ, karasu no endou)
Vicia sativa
Common vetch
One of the prettiest weeds you'll find, karasu no endou (literally
"crow's pea) looks like a miniature sweet pea. Although considered by
many to be a weed, it a useful plant, grown for horse and cattle
fodder. It is also edible by humans, widely consumed in ancient times
and still eaten here in Japan, where the wild shoots and young seed
pods are gathered and eaten as sansai (wild vegetable), most often sauteed or fried as tempura (both shown here).

花韮 (ハナニラ, hananira)
Ipheion uniflorum
Spring starflower
This pretty little flower is native to South America but naturalized in Japan. The stem and leaves give off a strong nira (garlic chive) smell when crushed, hence the name hananira (literally "garlic chive flower").



Unidentified fiddleheads
I know next to nothing about ferns so have no idea what these are (I do know that they are not warabi or zenmai,
two of the edible types of ferns prized in Japan). A little bit of
research online has shown that ferns are notoriously difficult to
identify, so I may never find out what these are unless a kind and
knowledgeable reader can help out. It also seems that "fiddlehead" is
more of a culinary term, while scientists use the word "crozier" or
"young frond". I think.


踊り子草 (オドリコソウ, odoriko-sou)
Lamium album var. barbatum
White dead nettle, bee nettle
I've noticed this plant for years, often confusing it with shiso
(a culinary herb that can sometimes be found growing wild) due to their
similar leaves. When seen in the spring, however, the flowers give it
away as another species, which saves me from having to rub the leaves
and be disappointed at the lack of shiso fragrance. But I've just found
out that my disappointment has been unwarranted, as odoriko-sou is an
edible plant. The shoots and young leaves are eaten as sansai, as are
the flowers, which are most often prepared as tempura to preserve their
pretty shape and sweet nectar. Odoriko-sou is also used in traditional
medicine, both in Japan and its native Europe.

連銭草 (カキドウシ, kakidoushi)
Glechoma hederacea var. grandis
Ground ivy, catsfoot, creeping charlie
Kakidoushi
is native to Europe, where it was once prized as a medicinal herb and
an ingredient in beer (it added flavour and clarified cloudy brews in
the days before hops were used). It has been naturalized in many parts
of the world and is regarded in North America, despite the pretty
little flowers, as an undesirable weed. It is still used in medicine in
Japan (the plant is usually referred to as rensensou when used as a medicinal herb), most often as a tea used for reducing blood sugar and weight loss.


雪柳 (ユキヤナギ, yukiyanagi)
Spiraea thunbergii
Baby's breath spirea
Native
to Japan and China, yukiyanagi can be found both as a wild plant and as
a landscape shrub. The Japanese name literally means "snow willow",
because of the snowy white flowers and the way the drooping branches
resemble the weeping willow.

紫華鬘 (ムラサキケマン, murasaki-keman)
Corydalis incisa
No common English name
Murasaki-keman is named after the keman,
a decoration found at Buddhist temples featuring intricate dangling
chains that the flowers are thought to resemble (this makes a little
more sense with kikeman, the yellow version).

山吹 (ヤマブキ, yamabuki)
Kerria japonica
Japanese yellow rose, kerria rose, yellow rose, Japanese kerria
Yamabuki is native to China and Japan but it's more likely, at least
in Tokyo, to find it as an ornamental shrub. The Japanese name means
"mountain spray", and the flower is much referred to in Japanese writing and art.


者莪 (シャガ, shaga)
Iris japonica
Fringed iris, Japanese iris
This
small member of the iris family is rather unassuming, at least until
you get up close and discover the delicate fringe and the pretty purple
and yellow patterns on the petals. It originally came from China but
has been naturalized in Japan, where it is found in shady areas, both
as a cultivated and a wild plant.


常盤はぜ (トキワハゼ, tokiwahaze)
Mazus pumilus
Japanese mazus
These
tiny little flowers can be seen from spring through to fall, and as
lovely as they are they seem under-appreciated, as I can find very
little information on them.

草苺 (くさいちご, kusa-ichigo), 野苺 (ノイチゴ, no-ichigo), 山苺 (ヤマイチゴ, yama-ichigo)
Rubus hirsutus
No common English name
This wild raspberry goes by a few different names, all of them
misidentifying the fruit as a strawberry. Which is understandable as
raspberries are called 木苺 (キイチゴ, ki-ichigo, literally "shrub
strawberry"), but this unfortunately leads to a bit of confusion and
the names seem to be used interchangeably for both wild strawberries
and wild raspberries. But make no mistake, this flower will soon turn
into a large reddish-orange raspberry that has a mild but delicious flavour and is as sought after by people as it is by birds and other animals.

芹葉飛燕草 (セリバヒエンソウ, seribahi-ensou)
Delphinium anthriscifolium
No common English name
This is another pretty flower with scanty information available. It
was brought to Japan from China in the Meiji era (1868 to 1912) and
I'll need to improve my Japanese if I want to know why.

繁縷 (ハコベ, hakobe)
Stellaria media
Common chickweed, winterweed
I tend not to notice these tiny flowers unless I'm already down on
the ground looking at something else, but I'm always glad to see them
as they're cute up close. Hakobe is one of the haru no nanakusa (seven herbs of spring), eaten after New Year's in okayu (rice porridge). (A bit off-topic, but I've just noticed that both the Japanese and English Wikipedia entries on nanakusa use my pictures. You'd think they could find something better.)

蔓日々草 (ツルニチニチソウ, tsuru-nichinichi-sou)
Vinca major
Large periwinkle, greater periwinkle, blue periwinkle
This pretty flower was introduced from Europe as an ornamental and
is still most often seen in gardens, but it can occasionally be found
growing in the wild.

丸葉菫 (マルバスミレ, maruba-sumire)
Viola keiskei
No common English name
One of the many varieties of sumire (violets) found in Japan.

立壷菫 (タチツボスミレ, tachitsubo-sumire)
Viola grypoceras A. Gray
No common English name
Another variety of violet, tachitsubo-sumire is one of the most
common, and itself has a few variations (which my skills are not up to
distinguishing).


大甘菜 (オオアマナ, oo-amana), オーニソガラム (oonisogaramu)
Ornithogalum umbellatum
Star-of-Bethleham, grass lilly, sleepydick
Native
to Eurasia and northwest Africa, this plant has naturalized in much of
Japan and is widely found in sunny fields. Considered in the west to be
a medicinal herb and still used in holistic healing, it has edible
bulbs that resemble garlic in appearance but not in smell or flavour.
I'm guessing it's not very tasty as it's considered a famine food, only
eaten when nothing else is available. The pretty flowers last just a
few days and close up when night falls.


春竜胆 (ハルリンドウ, haru-rindou)
Gentiana thunbergii
No common English name
This pretty blue flower can be found in sunny fields throughout most of Japan.

百合山葵 (ユリワサビ, yuri-wasabi)
Wasabia tenuis
No common English name
Yuri-wasabi is the wild version of wasabi, the plant grown for its
spicy root which lends its flavour to sushi and other foods. Both
wasabi and yuri-wasabi have edible leaves, with a similar wasabi-like
flavour. The similarities end at ground level though, as yuri-wasabi
has lilly-like bulbs (hence the Japanese name, which means "lilly
wasabi") rather than the spicy rhizome of cultivated wasabi.

大犬の陰嚢 (オオイヌノフグリ, oo-inu-no-fuguri)
Veronica persica
Persian speedwell, birdeye speedwell, birds-eye
One of my favourite spring flowers and one of the earliest blooming,
showing up as early as February. The name has long intrigued me, as it
means "large dog's balls" (fuguri being a rather obscure word
for testicles) yet looks nothing like any dog balls I've ever seen.
Until today, when I saw a picture of the seed pod while researching
this post, and what do you know? It really does look like dog balls
(although I wouldn't exactly call them large). I'm greatly relieved to
finally know where the name came from, as it means I can stop checking
out dog's testicles. People were starting to talk.

二輪草 (ニリンソウ, nirin-sou)
Anemone flaccida
Soft windflower
The
Japanese name means "two-flower grass", referring to the fact that most
plants produce two flowers (although many, like the two below, produce
just one and some produce three). "Soft windflower" is a literal
translation of the Latin name and I'm not sure if this is the real
common English name, as I only came across it on a few websites, all of
them Japanese. There are very similar plants called ichirin-sou (one-flower grass) and sanrin-sou
(three-flower grass), which as the names suggest produces one and three
flowers respectively. So what makes me think that the two pictures
below are of nirin-sou? It's just a guess, based on the other nirin-sou
they were with as well as their bracts. I could be wrong though.

All pictures are mine, most taken this year in Tokyo with a few older pictures from Tokyo, Saitama and Kanagawa. I'm an amateur plant lover, so feel free to correct any mistakes I might have made.
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